Population of Romania

As of August 2026, the population of Romania is 18.8 million. The number of inhabitants has decreased by 109 thousand in the last year, representing a decline of 0.57%. The median age of the population has increased in recent years, rising from 40.6 years in 2016 to 43.5 years in 2026. Currently, life expectancy at birth is 76.4 years and population density is 81.7 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Population Growth

The population growth rate of Romania peaked in 1967, reaching around 1.95% annually, but has since declined to approximately -0.58% in 2026. The annual increase in the number of people has also decreased from a peak of around 369.47 thousand in 1967 to nearly -108.72 thousand in 2026.

Life Expectancy

In Romania, life expectancy at birth has been increasing, with the indicator rising from 72.2 years in 2006 to 76.4 years in 2026, representing an increase of more than 4 years over the past 2 decades.

Most populous cities in Romania

Romania has several cities considered medium-sized by their number of inhabitants, but there is also a large one. The most populous city is Bucharest, con una diferencia significativa sobre las demás, alcanzando approximately 1.9 million inhabitants. It is followed by Sector 3, Bucharest with 385.4 thousand and Iaşi, Iași County with 379 thousand.

These are the 20 most populous cities in Romania: