Population of Spain

As of May 2026, the population of Spain is 47.4 million. The number of inhabitants has decreased by 62 thousand in the last year, representing a decline of 0.13%. The median age of the population has increased in recent years, rising from 42 years in 2016 to 46.3 years in 2026. Currently, life expectancy at birth is 84.4 years and population density is 94.3 inhabitants per square kilometer.

Population Growth

The population growth rate of Spain peaked in 2007, reaching around 1.95% annually, but has since declined to approximately -0.13% in 2026. The annual increase in the number of people has also decreased from a peak of around 880.16 thousand in 2007 to nearly -61.66 thousand in 2026.

Life Expectancy

In Spain, life expectancy at birth has been increasing, with the indicator rising from 81 years in 2006 to 84.4 years in 2026, representing an increase of more than 3 years over the past 2 decades.

Most populous cities in Spain

Spain has several cities considered medium-sized by their number of inhabitants, but there are also some large ones. The most populous city is Madrid, with approximately 3.3 million inhabitants. It is followed by Barcelona, Catalonia with 1.7 million and Valencia with 824.3 thousand.

These are the 20 most populous cities in Spain: